However, during the 1920s and what was known as the Reign of Terror, they suffered manipulation, fraud and numerous murders by outsiders eager to take over their wealth. They had retained communal mineral rights during the allotment process, and many Osage became wealthy through returns from leasing fees generated by their Osage headrights.

In the early 20th century, oil was discovered on their land. In the 19th century, the Osage were forced by the United States to move from modern-day Kansas into Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma), and the majority of their descendants live in Oklahoma. The Omaha and Ponca settled in what is now Nebraska the Kansa in Kansas and the Quapaw in Arkansas. Researchers believe that the tribes likely diverged in languages and cultures after leaving the lower Ohio Country. In the Ohio Valley, the Osage originally lived among speakers of the same Dhegihan language stock, such as the Kansa, Ponca, Omaha, and Quapaw. ' The missionary Isaac McCoy described the Osage as an 'uncommonly fierce, courageous, warlike nation' and said they were the 'finest looking Indians I have ever seen in the West'. many of them six and a half, and others seven feet. The 19th-century painter George Catlin described the Osage as 'the tallest race of men in North America, either red or white skins there being. They depended on nomadic buffalo hunting and agriculture. The tribe controlled the area between the Missouri and Red rivers, the Ozarks to the east and the foothills of the Wichita Mountains to the south. īy the early 19th century, the Osage had become the dominant power in the region, feared by neighboring tribes. The Osage people refer to themselves in their Dhegihan Siouan language as 𐓏𐒰𐓓𐒰𐓓𐒷 ( Wazhazhe), or 'Mid-waters'. The term 'Osage' is a French version of the tribe's name, which can be roughly translated as 'calm water'.

They migrated west after the 17th century, settling near the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, as a result of Iroquois expansion into the Ohio Country in the aftermath of the Beaver Wars. along with other groups of its language family. The tribe developed in the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys around 700 B.C. The Osage Nation ( / ˈ oʊ s eɪ dʒ/ OH-sayj) ( Osage: 𐓁𐒻 𐓂𐒼𐒰𐓇𐒼𐒰͘ ( Ni Okašką), 'People of the Middle Waters') is a Midwestern American tribe of the Great Plains. Ponca, Otoe, Iowa, Kansa, Quapaw, Dakota, Omaha Traditional Spirituality, Inlonshka, Christianity The majority of Osage citizens now live in Oklahoma, but many others live and work in different American states.

United States historically Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Kansas.

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